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. (brother). (sister). (cousin)Awards(2018)SignatureElon Reeve Musk (; born June 28, 1971) is a technology,. He holds South African, Canadian, and U.S. Citizenship and is the founder, and chief engineer/designer of; CEO and product architect of; co-founder of; founder of; and co-founder and initial co-chairman of. He was elected a.

In December 2016, he was ranked 21st on the list of, and was ranked (co-)first on the Forbes list of the Most Innovative Leaders of 2019. He has a net worth of $22.8 billion and is listed by Forbes as the. He is the longest tenured CEO of any automotive manufacturer globally.Born and raised in, Musk moved to when he was 17 to attend. He transferred to the two years later, where he received a in economics from the and a in physics from the.

He began a Ph.D. In applied physics and material sciences at in 1995 but dropped out after two days to pursue an entrepreneurial career. He subsequently co-founded with his brother, a web software company, which was acquired by for $340 million in 1999.

Musk then founded, an online bank. It merged with in 2000, which had launched PayPal the previous year and was bought by for $1.5 billion in October 2002.In May 2002, Musk founded SpaceX, an manufacturer and transport services company, of which he is CEO and lead designer. He joined, an electric vehicle manufacturer, in 2004, the year after it was founded, and became its CEO and product architect. In 2006, he inspired the creation of, a solar energy services company (now a subsidiary of Tesla) and operated as its chairman.

In 2015, Musk co-founded OpenAI, a nonprofit research company that aims to promote. In July 2016, he co-founded Neuralink, a company focused on developing. In December 2016, Musk founded, an infrastructure and tunnel-construction company.In addition to his primary business pursuits, Musk has envisioned a high-speed transportation system known as the, and has proposed a jet with electric fan propulsion, known as the Musk electric jet. Musk has stated that the goals of SpaceX, Tesla, and SolarCity revolve around his vision to change the world and humanity. His goals include reducing through production and consumption, and reducing the of by establishing a. Contents.Early lifeMusk was born on June 28, 1971, in, Transvaal, South Africa, the son of ( Haldeman), a model and from, and Errol Musk, a South African, pilot, and sailor. He has a younger brother, (born 1972), and a younger sister, (born 1974).

His maternal grandfather, Dr. Joshua Haldeman, was an American-born Canadian. His paternal grandmother was British, and he also has ancestry. After his parents divorced in 1980, Musk lived mostly with his father in the suburbs of Pretoria, which Musk chose two years after his parents split up, but now Musk says it was a mistake. As an adult, Musk has severed relations with his father, whom he has referred to as 'a terrible human being'. He has a half-sister and a half-brother.During his childhood, Musk was an avid reader. At the age of 10, he developed an interest in with the.

He taught himself at the age of 10, and by the age of 12 sold the of a -based he created called Blastar, to a magazine called PC and Office Technology, for approximately $500. A web version of the game is available online.His childhood reading included 's series, from which he drew the lesson that 'you should try to take the set of actions that are likely to prolong civilization, minimize the probability of a dark age and reduce the length of a dark age if there is one'.Musk was severely bullied throughout his childhood and was once hospitalized when a group of boys threw him down a and then smashed his head into the pavement until he lost. He later revealed that he had to get a to repair the damage.Musk attended and before graduating from. Although Musk's father insisted that Elon go to college in, Musk became determined to move to the United States. As he states, 'I remember thinking and seeing that America is where great things are possible, more than any other country in the world.' Knowing it would be easy to get to the United States from Canada, he moved to Canada against his father's wishes in June 1989, just before his 18th birthday, after obtaining a Canadian passport through his Canadian-born mother.

I do think there’s a good framework for thinking. It is physics. What I mean by that is: boil things down to their fundamental truths and reason up from there, as opposed to reasoning by analogy.Elon Musk,At the age of 17, in 1989, Musk moved to Canada to attend, avoiding mandatory service in the. He left in 1992 to study and at the; he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in and a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics.After leaving Penn in 1995, Musk was accepted into a PhD at in in. However, his move coincided with the, and he dropped out of Stanford after just two days to become a part of it, launching his first company, Zip2 Corporation.

Main article:In 1995, Musk and his brother, started, a web software company, with money raised from a small group of.The company developed and marketed an Internet city guide for the publishing industry. Musk obtained contracts with and the and persuaded the board of directors to abandon plans for a merger with. While at Zip2, Musk wanted to become CEO; however, none of the board members would allow it. Acquired Zip2 for US$307 million in cash: 109 and US$34 million in in February 1999. Musk received US$22 million for his 7 percent share from the sale.: 109 X.com and PayPal. Main articles: andIn March 1999, Musk co-founded, an online financial services and payment company, with US$10 million from the sale of Zip2.

One year later, the company merged with, which had a money-transfer service called. The merged company focused on the PayPal service and was renamed PayPal in 2001. PayPal's early growth was driven mainly by a campaign where new customers were recruited when they received money through the service. Musk was ousted in October 2000 from his role as CEO (although he remained on the board) due to disagreements with other company leadership, notably over his desire to move PayPal's -based infrastructure to.

In October 2002, PayPal was acquired by for US$1.5 billion in stock, of which Musk received US$165 million. Before its sale, Musk, who was the company's largest, owned 11.7% of PayPal's shares.In July 2017, Musk purchased the domain X.com from PayPal for an undisclosed amount, stating that it has sentimental value to him. Main article:Wikinews has related news:In 2001, Musk conceived, a project to land a miniature experimental on Mars, containing food crops growing on Martian, in an attempt to reawaken in space exploration. In October 2001, Musk travelled to with Jim Cantrell (an aerospace supplies fixer), and (his best friend from college), to buy refurbished (ICBMs) that could send the envisioned payloads into space. The group met with companies such as and; however, according to Cantrell, Musk was seen as a novice and was consequently spat on by one of the Russian chief designers, The group returned to the United States empty-handed. In February 2002, the group returned to Russia to look for three ICBMs, bringing along Mike Griffin.

Griffin had worked for the CIA's venture capital arm, as well as NASA's, and was just leaving, a maker of satellites and spacecraft. The group had another meeting with Kosmotras and were offered one rocket for US$8 million. Musk considered the price too high, and stormed out of the meeting. On the flight back from Moscow, Musk realized that he could start a company that could build the affordable rockets he needed. According to early Tesla and SpaceX investor, Musk calculated that the for building a rocket actually were only 3 percent of the sales price of a rocket at the time. It was concluded that, in theory, by applying and the modular approach employed in software engineering, SpaceX could cut launch price by a factor of ten and still enjoy a 70-percent. Ultimately, Musk ended up founding SpaceX with the long-term goal of creating a true spacefaring civilization.

Musk and President at the launch site in 2010With US$100 million of his early fortune, Musk founded Space Exploration Technologies, or, in May 2002. Musk is (CEO) and (CTO) of the -based company. By 2016, Musk's private trust holds 54% of SpaceX stock, equivalent to 78% of voting shares.SpaceX develops and manufactures space with a focus on advancing the state of rocket technology. The company's first two launch vehicles are the and rockets (a nod to Star Wars' ), and its first spacecraft is the (a nod to ).

In seven years, SpaceX designed the family of Falcon launch vehicles and the Dragon multipurpose spacecraft. In September 2008, SpaceX's Falcon 1 rocket became the first privately funded liquid-fueled vehicle to put a satellite into Earth orbit.SpaceX is both the largest private producer of rocket engines in the world and holder of the record for the highest for a rocket engine (the ). SpaceX has produced more than 100 operational Merlin 1D engines. Each Merlin 1D engine can vertically lift the weight of 40 average family cars. In combination, the 9 Merlin engines in the Falcon 9 first stage produce anywhere from 5.8 to 6.7 MN (1.3 to 1.5 million pounds) of thrust, depending on. Musk explains the capabilities of to and in April 2019In late 2017, SpaceX unveiled the design for its next-generation launch vehicle and spacecraft system, Big Falcon Rocket (BFR), that would support all SpaceX capabilities with a single set of very large vehicles: Earth-orbit, interplanetary missions, and even on Earth, and totally replace the Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy and Dragon vehicles in the 2020s.

Starship will have a 9-meter (30 ft) core diameter. Significant development on the vehicles began in 2017, with an initial prototype unveiled in September 2019, while the new rocket engine development began in 2012, with a first test flight performed in August 2019.In a September 2018 announcement of a planned 2023 lunar circumnavigation mission, a flight called #, Musk showed a redesigned concept for the BFR second stage and spaceship with three rear fins and two front canard fins added for atmospheric entry, replacing the previous delta wing and split flaps shown a year earlier. The revised BFR design was to use seven identically-sized Raptor engines in the second stage; the same engine model as would be used on the first stage. The second stage design had two small actuating fins near the nose of the ship, and three large fins at the base, two of which would actuate, with all three serving as landing legs. Additionally, SpaceX also stated later that September that they were 'no longer planning to upgrade Falcon 9 second stage for reusability.' The two major parts of the re-designed BFR were given descriptive names in November: ' for the upper stage and 'Super Heavy' for the booster stage, which Musk pointed out was 'needed to escape Earth's deep gravity well (not needed for other planets or moons).' Main article:Tesla, Inc.

(originally Tesla Motors) was incorporated in July 2003 by and, who financed the company until the of funding.Both men played active roles in the company's early development prior to Elon Musk's involvement. Musk led the Series A round of investment in February 2004, joining Tesla's board of directors as its chairman.All three, along with, were inspired by the earlier electric roadster prototype.Musk took an active role within the company and oversaw Roadster product design at a detailed level, but was not deeply involved in day-to-day business operations.Following the and after a series of escalating conflicts in 2007, Eberhard was ousted from the firm. Musk assumed leadership of the company as CEO and product architect in 2008, positions he still holds today. As of 2019, Elon Musk is the longest tenured CEO of any automotive manufacturer globally.Tesla's master plan, as iterated by Musk in 2006 was: 'Build sports car.

Use that money to build an affordable car. Use that money to build an even more affordable car. While doing above, also provide zero emission electric power generation options'.Tesla Motors first built an electric sports car, the, in 2008, with sales of about 2,500 vehicles to 31 countries. Tesla began delivery of its four-door sedan on June 22, 2012. It unveiled its third product, the, aimed at the / market, on February 9, 2012; however, the Model X launch was delayed until September 2015. In addition to its own cars, Tesla sold electric systems to for the, and, and to for the. Musk was able to bring in both companies as long-term investors in Tesla.

Musk standing in front of a in 2011Musk favored building a more affordable Tesla model; this led to the that was unveiled in 2016, with a planned base price of US$35,000. Initial deliveries began in 2017, with the US$35,000 base model becoming available in February 2019.Several mainstream publications have compared him with for his work on advanced vehicle powertrains.In a May 2013 interview with, Musk said that to overcome the range limitations of electric cars, Tesla planned to expand its network of supercharger stations, tripling the number on the East and West coasts of the U.S. That June, with plans for more expansion across, including Canada, throughout the year.In 2014, Musk announced that Tesla would allow its technology patents to be used by anyone in in a bid to entice automobile manufacturers to speed up development of electric cars. 'The unfortunate reality is electric car programs (or programs for any vehicle that doesn't burn ) at the major manufacturers are small to non-existent, constituting an average of far less than 1% of their total vehicle sales,' Musk said.In February 2016, Musk announced that he had acquired the Tesla.com from Stu Grossman, who had owned it since 1992, and changed Tesla's homepage to that domain.

Musk with Indian Prime Minister in San Jose, California, on September 26, 2015Anticipating that the global lithium-ion battery supply was insufficient for their planned electric car output, a lithium-ion battery factory that would more than double existing global output was planned. On July 29, 2016 the first phase of, a lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle subassembly factory, was officially opened near Reno, Nevada, by Tesla in partnership with Panasonic. Gigfactory 1 currently produces 35 GWh/yr of batteries.In July 2016, Musk released Tesla's 'master plan part 2': 'Create stunning solar roofs with seamlessly integrated battery storage. Expand the electric vehicle product line to address all major segments including small SUV and pickup truck.

Develop a self-driving capability that is 10X safer than manual via massive fleet learning. Enable your car to make money for you when you aren't using it.' In September 2017, Musk arranged a contract with the government of South Australia for Tesla Energy to install what would then be the world's largest, to help alleviate energy blackouts in the state. Famously, Musk arranged this on twitter, with the guarantee that it would be installed in 100 days or would be free. This deadline was achieved and the resulting battery exceeded expected performance and returns, despite skepticism from Australian federal politicians.In September 2018, Musk was sued by the for a claiming that for potentially taking Tesla. The lawsuit claimed that verbal discussions Musk held with foreign investors in July 2018 did not confirm key deal terms and thus characterized the tweet as false, misleading, and damaging to investors, and sought to bar Musk from serving as on. Musk called the allegations unjustified and that he had never compromised his integrity.

Two days later, Musk reached a settlement with the SEC, without admitting or denying the SEC’s allegations. As a result, Musk and Tesla were fined $20 million each, and Musk was forced to step down temporarily as Tesla chairman, while remaining Tesla's CEO. Musk also proclaimed in several interviews since that he does not regret sending the tweet that triggered the SEC investigation.

According to Reuters, Musk said the tweet was 'Worth It'. According to ABC News, 'As recently as Oct. 4 2018, Musk issued a sarcastic tweet, describing the agency SEC as the 'Shortseller Enrichment Commission,' despite having agreed to settlement terms a week earlier that his company, Tesla, would monitor his tweets and other communications.' In a December 2018 interview with CBS's “60 Minutes”, Musk mentioned that he has no respect for the SEC by saying, 'I want to be clear.

I do not respect the SEC.' On February 19, 2019, according to Forbes, Musk stated in a tweet that Tesla would build half a million cars in 2019.The SEC reacted to Musk's tweet by filing in court, initially asking the court to hold him in contempt for violating the terms of settlement agreement with such a tweet, which was disputed by Musk. This was eventually settled by a joint agreement between Musk and the SEC clarifying the previous agreement details. The agreement included a list of topics that Musk would need preclearance before tweeting about.In January 2019, Musk traveled to China for the groundbreaking of Tesla's, which is the company's first large-scale plant outside the U.S.

Part of his visit to China, Musk also met the Chinese premier. During their exchange, Musk expressed his admiration for China and wished he could visit China more often, to which the Chinese premier was quoted as saying 'We can issue you a Chinese green card if that helps.' The time from the initial ground-breaking to production of first cars at the Shanghai gigafactory was achieved in under one year.In November 2019, Elon Musk unveiled the, an all electric battery powered pickup truck. The reveal was in Los Angeles—the same month, year and location that the movie, which was a design inspiration, was set in.

To be manufactured in three variants of Single Motor RWD, Dual Motor AWD and Triple Motor AWD, Cybertruck is expected to start commercial production in late 2021.As of January 29, 2016, Musk owned about 28.9 million Tesla shares, which equates to about 22% of the company.As of 2014, Musk's annual salary is, similar to that of and other CEOs; the remainder of his compensation is in the form of stock and performance-based bonuses.In January 2018, Musk was granted an option to buy up to 20.3 million shares if Tesla's market value were to rise to $650 billion. Majority shareholder approval was approved in March 2018. The grant was also meant to end speculation about Musk's potential departure from Tesla to devote more time to his other business ventures. A report by advisory firm Glass Lewis & Co. To its clients argued against granting the options. SolarCity.

Main article:Musk provided the initial concept and financial capital for, which was then co-founded in 2006 by his cousins. By 2013, SolarCity was the second largest provider of solar power systems in the United States. SolarCity was acquired by Tesla, Inc. In November 2016 and is currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Tesla.The underlying motivation for funding both SolarCity and Tesla was to help combat global warming.

In 2012, Musk announced that SolarCity and Tesla would collaborate to use electric vehicle batteries to smooth the impact of rooftop solar on the power grid, with the program going live in 2013.On June 17, 2014, Musk committed to building a SolarCity advanced production facility in Buffalo, New York, that would triple the size of the largest solar plant in the United States. Musk stated the plant will be 'one of the single largest solar panel production plants in the world,' and it will be followed by one or more even bigger facilities in subsequent years. The Tesla is a photovoltaic (PV) cell factory, leased by Tesla subsidiary SolarCity in Buffalo, New York. Construction on the factory started in 2014 and was completed in 2017. Tesla accepted $750 million in public funds from New York Governor as part of the project- a plan to invest money to help the economy of the area- to build the factory and infrastructure. Main articles: andOn August 12, 2013, Musk unveiled a concept for a high-speed transportation system incorporating reduced-pressure tubes in which pressurized capsules ride on an driven.

The mechanism for releasing the concept was an alpha-design document that, in addition to scoping out the technology, outlined a notional route where such a transport system might be built: between the and the.After earlier envisioning Hyperloop, Musk assigned a dozen engineers from and who worked for nine months, establishing the conceptual foundations and creating the designs for the transportation system. An early design for the system was then published in a posted to the Tesla and SpaceX blogs.

Musk's proposal, if technologically feasible at the costs he has cited, would make Hyperloop travel cheaper than any other for such long distances. The alpha design was proposed to use a partial vacuum to reduce, which it is theorized would allow for high-speed travel with relatively low power, with certain other features like air-bearing skis and an inlet compressor to reduce freestream flow. The document of alpha design estimated the total cost of an LA-to-SF Hyperloop system at US$6 billion, but this amount is speculative.In June 2015, Musk announced a for students and others to build Hyperloop pods to operate on a SpaceX-sponsored mile-long track in a 2015–2017.

The track was used in January 2017, and Musk also started building a tunnel., a company unaffiliated with Musk, had announced that it had done its first successful test run on its DevLoop track in Nevada on July 13, 2017. It was on May 12, 2017, at 12:02 a.m. And had lasted 5.3 seconds, reaching a top speed of 70 mph.On July 20, 2017, Elon Musk announced that he had received verbal government approval to build a hyperloop from to, stopping in both.

Main article:In December 2015, Musk announced the creation of, a not-for-profit artificial intelligence (AI) research company. OpenAI aims to develop in a way that is safe and beneficial to humanity.By making AI available to everyone, OpenAI wants to 'counteract large corporations who may gain too much power by owning super-intelligence systems devoted to profits, as well as governments which may use AI to gain power and even oppress their citizenry.' Musk has stated he wants to counteract the concentration of power. In 2018 Musk left the OpenAI board to avoid possible future conflicts with his role as CEO of Tesla as Tesla increasingly becomes involved in AI.However, in an interview with in September 2018, Musk warned about the dangers of developing artificial intelligence indiscriminately. In January 2019 Mark Harris of noted that on 23 January the Musk foundation 'added a line to its website, stating its support for the “development of safe artificial intelligence to benefit humanity”'. Main article:In 2016, Musk co-founded Neuralink, a startup company to integrate the human brain with artificial intelligence.

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The company is centered on creating devices that can be implanted in the human brain, with the eventual purpose of helping human beings merge with software and keep pace with advancements in artificial intelligence. These enhancements could improve memory or allow more direct interfacing with computing devices.Musk sees Neuralink and OpenAI as related: 'OpenAI is a nonprofit dedicated to minimizing the dangers of artificial intelligence, while Neuralink is working on ways to implant technology into our brains to create mind-computer interfaces.' The Boring Company. Musk discussing at 2017On December 17, 2016, while stuck in traffic, Musk tweeted 'I am going to build a tunnel boring machine and just start digging.' The company was named 'The Boring Company'. On January 21, 2017, Musk tweeted 'Exciting progress on the tunnel front. Plan to start digging in a month or so.'

The first tunnel will start on the SpaceX campus, The runs underneath. As of January 26, 2017, discussions with had begun.In February 2017, the company began digging a 30-foot (9.1 m) wide, 50-foot (15 m) long, and 15-foot (4.6 m) deep 'test trench' on the premises of Space X's offices in Los Angeles, since the construction requires no permits. Musk had said in early 2017 that a 10-fold decrease in tunnel boring cost per mile is necessary for economic feasibility of the proposed tunnel network.The tunnel width is optimised for electric vehicles only, which avoids complications of exhaust venting with internal combustion engines.By late 2018, TBC had active construction, approved plans in place, or an operational tunnel in several areas of the:, and Los Angeles.

Musk speaking alongside former Irish (Prime Minister) in 2013Politically, Musk has described himself as 'half, half ' and 'I'm somewhere in the middle, socially liberal and fiscally conservative.' In 2018, he stated that he was 'not a conservative. I'm registered and politically moderate.' Prompted by the emergence of self-driving cars and artificial intelligence, Musk has voiced support for a universal; he additionally backs. He has described himself as a, but 'not the kind that shifts resources from most productive to least productive, pretending to do good, while actually causing harm' - arguing instead, 'true socialism seeks greatest good for all.'

He supports targeting an inclusive tax rate of 40%, prefers to, and supports the, as the 'probability of progeny being equally excellent at capital allocation is not high.' Musk has described the United States as 'inarguably the greatest country that has ever existed on Earth,' describing it as 'the greatest force for good of any country that's ever been.' Musk believes would not exist any longer if not for the United States, saying that it prevented this disappearance on three occasions through its participation in, and the. Musk also stated that he thinks 'it would be a mistake to say the United States is perfect, it certainly is not. There have been many foolish things the United States has done and bad things the United States has done.' Before the election of as, Musk criticized candidate Trump by saying: 'I feel a bit stronger that he is probably not the right guy.

He doesn't seem to have the sort of character that reflects well on the United States.' Following Donald Trump's inauguration, Musk expressed approval of Trump's choice of as and accepted an invitation to appear on a panel advising President Trump. Regarding his cooperation with Trump, Musk has subsequently commented: 'The more voices of reason that the President hears, the better.' He subsequently resigned from both in June 2017, in protest at Trump's decision to from the on climate change.In August 2019, Musk came out on in support of 2020 Democratic presidential candidate, whose platform revolves around the ongoing problem of job displacement through technological automation and artificial intelligence. Musk said in a tweet that, which Yang supports, is 'obviously needed.'

LobbyingIn an interview with, Musk stated he was a 'significant (though not top-tier) donor to,' but that he also gives heavily to. Musk further stated that political contributions are a requirement in order to have a voice in the United States government.A 2012 report from the, a nonpartisan group that tracks government spending, found that since 2002, had spent more US$4 million on the and more than US$800,000 in political contributions to Democrats and Republicans. The same report said that 'SpaceX's campaign to win political support has been systematic and sophisticated,' and that 'unlike most tech-startups, SpaceX has maintained a significant lobbying presence in Washington almost since day 1.' And that 'Musk himself has donated roughly US$725,000 to various campaigns since 2002. In 2004, he contributed US$2,000 to President 's reelection campaign, maxing out (over US$100,000) to 's reelection campaign and donated US$5,000 to Republican Sen., who represents Florida, a state critical to the.

(.) All told, Musk and SpaceX gave out roughly US$250,000 in the 2012 election cycle.' Additionally, SpaceX hired former Republican to represent the company, via the Washington-based lobbying group.

Alongside Patton Boggs LLP, SpaceX uses several other outside lobbying firms, who work with SpaceX's own lobbyists.Musk had been a supporter of the U.S. (PAC), which was started by fellow high-profile entrepreneur and advocates for. However, in May 2013, Musk publicly withdrew his support in protest of advertisements the PAC was running that supported causes like the. Musk and other members, including, pulled out, criticizing the strategy as 'cynical.'

Musk further stated, 'we shouldn't give in to the politics. If we give in to that, we'll get the political system we deserve.' In December 2013, Sean Becker of the media/political website called Musk a 'complete hypocrite,' stating that 'for the 2014 election cycle, Musk has contributed to the Longhorn PAC and the – both of which have funded the campaigns of, candidates such as Rep. Musk has directly contributed to Republican Sen. Marco Rubio, who has been accused of holding similar positions regarding. SubsidiesMusk has stated that he does not believe the U.S. Government should provide to companies but should instead use a to price in the negative of and discourage poor behavior.

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Musk says that the would achieve the best solution, and that producing environmentally unfriendly vehicles should come with its own consequences.Musk's statements have been widely criticized, with Professor noting that 'if you're an entrepreneur like Elon Musk, you will take the money where you can get it, but at the same time believe as a matter of faith that it's entrepreneurship and technology that are the sources of, not the state. It is not quite self-delusion, but there is a habit of thinking of oneself as a free-standing, independent agent, and of not acknowledging the subsidies that one received. And this goes on all the time in Silicon Valley.' Author argued that 'in the case of Musk, it is hard not to read that as a kind of defensiveness. And I think there is a business reason for it.

They are dealing with a lot of investors for whom subsidies are not the basis for a long-term viable business, and they often want to exaggerate the speed with which they are going to be able to become independent.' Shellenberger continues, 'we would all be better off if these entrepreneurs were a bit more grateful, a bit more humble.' While journalist and author, who interviewed Musk for High Voltage, his 2011 book about the electric vehicle industry, speculated that 'Elon is now looking at it from the point of view of a winner, and he doesn't want to see other people win because they get government money – I do think there is a tendency of people, once they have succeeded, to want to pull the ladder up after them.' In 2015, Musk's statements were subject to further scrutiny when an article claimed that, Tesla, and buyers of their products had or were projected to receive together an estimated US$4.9 billion in government subsidies over twenty years.

One example given is New York state, which is spending $750 million to build a solar panel factory in Buffalo which will be leased to SolarCity for $1 a year. The deal also includes no property taxes for a decade, an estimated $260 million valuation. Musk employs a former U.S. State Department official as the chief negotiator for Tesla. Destiny and religionWhen asked whether he believed 'there was some kind of involved' in humanity's transition to a multi-planetary species, rather than 'just physics', Musk responded:Well, I do.

Do I think that there's some sort of master intelligence architecting all of this stuff? I think probably not because then you have to say: 'Where does the master intelligence come from?' So it sort of begs the question. So I think really you can explain this with the fundamental laws of physics. You know it's complex phenomenon from simple elements.Musk has stated that he does not pray, or worship any being, although he asked 'any entities that were listening' to 'bless the launch' before an important launch.

When asked whether he thought science and religion could, Musk replied 'Probably not.' Extraterrestrial lifeAlthough Musk believes there could be simple life on other planets, he is unsure whether other intelligent life is likely. Musk later said that he 'hopes that there is other intelligent life in the known universe', and stated that it is 'probably more likely than not, but that's a complete guess.'

Musk has also considered the as a potential solution to the:The absence of any noticeable life may be an argument in favour of us being in a simulation. Like when you're playing an adventure game, and you can see the stars in the background, but you can't ever get there.

If it's not a simulation, then maybe we're in a lab and there's some advanced alien civilization that's just watching how we develop, out of curiosity, like mould in a Petri dish. If you look at our current technology level, something strange has to happen to civilizations, and I mean strange in a bad way. And it could be that there are a whole lot of dead, one-planet civilizations.

Artificial intelligenceMusk has frequently spoken about the of, calling it 'the most serious threat to the survival of the human race'. During a 2014 interview at the AeroAstro Centennial Symposium, Musk described AI as humanity's largest, further stating, 'I'm increasingly inclined to think that there should be some regulatory oversight, maybe at the national and international level, just to make sure that we don't do something very foolish.' Musk described the creation of artificial intelligence as 'summoning the demon'.Despite this, Musk has previously invested in, an AI firm, and, a company working to improve. In January 2015, he donated $10 million to the, an organization focused on challenges posed by advanced technologies. He was previously the co-chairman of, a nonprofit artificial intelligence research company.Musk has said that his investments are 'not from the standpoint of actually trying to make any investment return.

I like to just keep an eye on what's going on with artificial intelligence.' Musk continued, 'There have been movies about this, you know, like – there are some scary outcomes. And we should try to make sure the outcomes are good, not bad.' In June 2016, Musk was asked whether he thinks, to which he answered:The strongest argument for us probably being in a simulation I think is the following: 40 years ago we had – two rectangles and a dot.

That's where we were. Now 40 years later we have photorealistic, 3D simulations with millions of people playing simultaneously and it's getting better every year.

And soon we'll have virtual reality, we'll have augmented reality. If you assume any rate of improvement at all, then the games will become indistinguishable from reality, just indistinguishable.Musk's warnings about artificial intelligence have brought him some controversy. He and founder have clashed, with the latter calling his warnings 'pretty irresponsible'. Musk responded to Zuckerberg's censure by saying that he had discussed AI with Zuckerberg and found him to have only a limited understanding of the subject. In 2014, 's Adam Elkus argued that current AIs were as intelligent as a toddler, and only in certain fields, going on to say that Musk's 'summoning the demon' analogy may be harmful because it could result in significant cuts to AI research budgets.The (ITIF), a Washington D.C. Think-tank, awarded its Annual Luddite Award to 'alarmists touting an artificial intelligence apocalypse'; its president, complained that Musk and others say AI is the largest existential threat to humanity.

Atkinson stated 'That's not a very winning message if you want to get AI funding out of Congress to the National Science Foundation.' Sharply disagreed with the ITIF in an April 2016 editorial, siding instead with Musk, and concluding: 'It is crucial that progress in technology is matched by solid, well-funded research to anticipate the scenarios it could bring about. If that is a Luddite perspective, then so be it.' In a 2015 editorial, researcher stated that human-level AI is unlikely to arrive in the near future, but that nevertheless 'the time to start thinking through the consequences is now.' Public transportAt a Tesla event on the sidelines of the in December 2017, Musk stated that:I think public transport is painful.

Why do you want to get on something with a lot of other people, that doesn't leave where you want it to leave, doesn't start where you want it to start, doesn't end where you want it to end? And it doesn't go all the time. It's a pain in the ass. That's why everyone doesn't like it. And there's like a bunch of random strangers, one of who might be a serial killer, OK, great.

And so that's why people like individualized transport, that goes where you want, when you want.Afterwards, he dismissed an audience member's response that public transportation functioned effectively in Japan.His comment sparked widespread criticism from both the public and transit experts. Urban planning expert Brent Toderian started the hashtag #GreatThingsThatHappenedonTransit which was widely adopted by Twitter users in order to dispel Musk's notion that everybody hated public transport. Yonah Freemark, an urbanist and journalist specialising in planning and transportation, summarised Musk's views on public transport as 'It's terrible.

You might be killed. Japanese trains are awful. Individualized transport for everyone! Induced demand? Climate change impacts?

Unwalkable streets? Jarrett Walker, a known public transport expert and consultant from, said that 'Musk's hatred of sharing space with strangers is a luxury (or pathology) that only the rich can afford', referring to the theory that planning a city around the preferences of a minority yields an outcome that usually does not work for the majority. Musk responded with 'You're an idiot', later saying 'Sorry. Meant to say 'sanctimonious idiot'.'

The exchange received a significant amount of media attention and prompted Nobel laureate to comment on the controversy, saying that 'You're an idiot' is 'Elon Musk's idea of a cogent argument'. Personal life PhilanthropyMusk is chairman of the Musk Foundation, which focuses its philanthropic efforts on providing solar-power energy systems in disaster areas as well as other goals. In 2010, the Musk Foundation collaborated with SolarCity to donate a 25-kW solar power system to the South Bay Community Alliance's center in. In July 2011, the Musk Foundation donated US$250,000 towards a solar power project in, Japan, a city that had been recently devastated by a tsunami.In July 2014, Musk was asked by and William Terbo, the grandnephew of, to donate US$8 million toward the construction of the.

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Mus 2000 Serial Killer

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